Calculate the optimal tilt angle for solar panels based on latitude and season. Supports year-round, summer, and winter optimization modes. Pure front-end, data stays local.
The Solar Panel Angle Calculator determines the optimal tilt angle for photovoltaic panels based on your latitude and the season you want to optimize for. It supports year-round fixed installation, summer, and winter optimization modes to help maximize solar energy output.
Year-round fixed optimal angle ≈ latitude (±2°). Summer optimal = latitude × 0.9 - 23.5° (min 0°). Winter optimal = latitude × 0.9 + 29° (max 90°). Equinox optimal = latitude - 2.5°. Each 15° deviation from due south reduces efficiency by approximately 1%.
For year-round fixed installation, the optimal angle approximately equals the local latitude. For summer, subtract about 15°; for winter, add about 15°.
South-facing panels (Northern Hemisphere) produce the most energy. Each 15° deviation from south reduces efficiency by ~1%; a 45° deviation causes ~5-8% loss.
Fixed mounts use the latitude angle (cost-effective). Adjustable mounts allow seasonal changes (lower in summer, higher in winter), yielding 5-10% more energy.